I don't think so; at least Android doesn't seem to expose the required functionality:

https://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/BatteryManager.html

https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=30612

btw, this is something that (good) laptops allow you to configure; e.g. my Thinkpad is set to "only start charging when below 50%, and only charge up to 70%"