We may be close to a world of limitless power from artificial leaves

andwiched between rows of bottled chemicals and racks of drying glassware on the third floor of Harvard University’s Mallinckrodt laboratory, four thumbnail-size bits of pinstriped silicon hang from a thin metal wire like T-shirts on a clothesline. For something with the potential to transform our energy infrastructure, this technology could not look less unassuming. But in the short history of the pursuit of artificial photosynthesis—the conversion of sunlight into fuel rather than electricity.

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