Days after the official nationwide abolition of slavery in December 1865, Alabama made it illegal for Black farm employees to sell a long list of foods, including corn, rice, cotton and “animal of any kind.” Another law punished Black people for gathering in a “disorderly way,” one professor said in a Cornell Law Review article. Another for carrying a pistol. And whipping and branding were scrapped as penalties, while a new sentence was added: “hard labor for the county.”

Juneteenth isn’t the "other" Independence Day, it is the Independence Day. By Jameelah Nasheed.

The voices of five men and four women, once held in human bondage, interviewed in Alabama in 1937.

Meet eight abolitionists who helped fugitive slaves escape to freedom.