Cellular NAD+ Levels Modulate the Immune Response to COVID-19
NAD+ is involved in multiple cellular reactions for the generation of energy and maintenance of cellular health, including immune responses to viral infections. Studies indicate cellular NAD+ levels diminish with age in people, and lower NAD+ levels associated with older age can adversely affect the immune response to infection, which includes the response to COVID-19. The death rates from COVID-19 increase with age, and for people above 80 years old, it passes 14%, which suggests an age-related dysfunction of the immune system.
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